PhysicsClassical Physics

Projectile Motion: An Arrow Lands on a Cliff After 4.0 s

Find the cliff height, maximum height, and impact speed of an arrow launched at 30 m/s and 60° from 1.5 m above ground.

Question

An arrow leaves a point 1.5 m above the ground at 30 m/s, directed 60° above horizontal. After 4.0 s it reaches the top edge of a cliff of height H. (a) Determine H. (b) Determine the greatest height above ground along the trajectory. (c) Determine the speed immediately before impact.

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Evidence boundary

The three-part arrow question is OpenStax College Physics 2e, Chapter 3, Problem 34. This independent calculation uses negligible drag and constant g = 9.80 m/s²; these are ideal-model conventions, not measured flight conditions. Both heights are measured above the same ground level. The 1.5 m release height is retained, and the landing height is not assumed equal to it.