Question
1. Why do atoms join together to form bonded species?2. Why can a molecule be more stable than its separated atoms?3. As two atoms approach, which attractive and repulsive interactions act between them?4. Describe how the potential energy of two hydrogen atoms changes as an H₂ bond forms.
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Evidence boundary
The detailed potential-energy curve in Part 4 describes H₂ covalent bonding. The broader lower-energy bonded state idea is general, but different bonding types require different electronic models. The octet rule is a useful main-group heuristic rather than a universal law of chemical bonding.