Anatomy & PhysiologySkeletal System

Which of the Following Is Included in the Axial Skeleton? Select All That Apply

Select skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The pectoral girdle, lower limb, and pelvic girdle are appendicular.

Question

Identify every listed structure that belongs to the body's axial skeletal division. Circle all that apply.a. Pectoral (shoulder) girdleb. Lower limbc. Skulld. Vertebral columne. Pelvic girdlef. Thoracic cage

Answer

Circle c, d, and f: skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. This question allows more than one selection.

OptionDivisionReason
a. Pectoral girdleAppendicularAttaches the upper limbs to the trunk.
b. Lower limbAppendicularBelongs to a limb rather than the central skeletal axis.
c. SkullAxialForms the bony framework of the head.
d. Vertebral columnAxialForms the spinal support along the central axis.
e. Pelvic girdleAppendicularAttaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
f. Thoracic cageAxialIncludes the ribs and sternum around the chest.

Avoid the pelvis trap

The pelvic girdle consists of the hip bones. The bony pelvis also includes the sacrum and coccyx, which belong to the vertebral column and therefore the axial skeleton. Do not treat those two terms as interchangeable.

Select all three axial entries; selecting only the skull leaves this six-option question incomplete.

Evidence boundary

This adapted prompt follows Amerman, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 2nd edition, Chapter 7, Problem 1, as displayed by Pearson. It preserves the six-option order and the instruction “Circle all that apply.” It is not the alternate single-answer skull question. Pelvic girdle refers to the hip bones; sacrum and coccyx belong to the axial skeleton.

Sources

These references support the concepts and methods used in the explanation above.