Question
Identify each energy exchange as primarily heat or work and determine whether the sign of ΔE is positive or negative for the stated system. (a) Sweat evaporates from skin, cooling the skin. (The evaporating sweat is the system.) (b) A balloon expands against an external pressure. (The contents of the balloon is the system.) (c) An aqueous chemical reaction mixture is warmed with an external flame. (The reaction mixture is the system.)
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Evidence boundary
The signs refer to the system named in each part and to the primary energy exchange requested by the exercise. Without measured heat and work values, this classification does not quantify every simultaneous transfer.